WILL CONTAIN INFORMATION; THE REST OF THE FIELDS SHOULD BE IGNORED. еACH SUBSEQUENT CALL TO THIS ROUTINE WILL RETURN THE NEXT DIRECTORY ENTRY IN THE DIRECTORY. аLL OF THE "DIRENT" FIELDS WILL BE VALID FOR THESE. тHEN, AFTER ALL DIRECTORY ENTRIES HAVE BEEN READ THROUGH, THE LAST CALL WILL RETURN A DIRECTORY ENTRY WITH A NULL (ZERO-LENGTH) NAME. тHIS CORRESPONDS TO THE "BLOCKS FREE" LINE IN A цOMMODORE DISK DIRECTORY LISTING. тHE "ACEдIRENTбYTES" FIELD FOR THIS LAST ENTRY WILL BE SET TO THE NUMBER OF BYTES AVAILABLE FOR STORAGE ON THE DISK. оN A цOMMODORE DISK DRIVE, THIS WILL BE THE NUMBER OF BLOCKS FREE MULTIPLIED BY 254. аFTER READING THIS LAST ENTRY, YOU SHOULD CLOSE THE DIRECTORY. аT ANY TIME, IF SOMETHING BIZARRE HAPPENS TO THE LISTING FROM THE DISK THAT IS NOT CONSIDERED AN ERROR (и DON'T ACTUALLY KNOW IF THIS IS POSSIBLE OR NOT), THEN THE .з FLAG WILL BE SET, INDICATING THE ABRUPT ENDING OF THE DIRECTORY LISTING. наме : ISDIR пурпосе: DETERMINE WHETHER THE GIVEN PATHNAME IS FOR A FILE OR A DIRECTORY аргс : (ZP) = PATHNAME ретурнс: .а = DEVICE IDENTIFIER .ь = IS A DISK DEVICE FLAG .ы = IS A DIRECTORY FLAG .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : ERRNO гIVEN A PROPERLY FORMATTED DIRECTORYNAME OR FILENAME, THIS ROUTINE WILL RETURN WHETHER THE NAME IS FOR A FILE OR A DIRECTORY, WHETHER THE DEVICE OF THE FILE OR DIRECTORY IS A DISK OR CHARACTER DEVICE, AND THE SYSTEM IDENTIFIER FOR THE DEVICE. тHE TWO FLAGS RETURN $фф FOR TRUE AND $00 FOR FALSE. тHE DEVICE IDENTIFIER IS SUPERFLUOUS FOR NOW, BUT A "DEVINFO" CALL MAY BE ADDED LATER. нOTE THAT THIS FILE DOES NOT INDICATE WHETHER THE FILE/DIRECTORY ACTUALLY EXISTS OR NOT. наме : CHDIR пурпосе: CHANGE THE CURRENT WORKING DIRECTORY аргс : (ZP) = NEW DIRECTORY PATHNAME ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO цHANGES THE CURRENT WORKING DIRECTORY TO THE NAMED DIRECTORY. тOO BAD THE цOMMODORE кERNAL DOESN'T HAVE A SIMILAR CALL. уNLIKE THE "CD" SHELL COMMAND, THE ARGUMENT HAS TO BE A PROPERLY FORMATTED DIRECTORY NAME. нOTE THAT ONLY DIRECTORIES IN NATIVE PARTITIONS ON цмд DEVICES ARE SUPPORTED BY THIS COMMAND; THE 1581'S CRUMMY IDEA OF PARTITIONS IS NOT SUPPORTED. наме : CDHOME пурпосе: CHANGE THE CURRENT WORKING DIRECTORY BACK TO THE "HOME" DIRECTORY аргс : ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO цHANGES THE CURRENT WORKING DIRECTORY BACK TO THE "HOME" DIRECTORY THAT IS DEFINED IN THE "CONFIG.SYS" FILE AS THE INITIAL DIRECTORY. наме : MKDIR пурпосе: CREATE A NEW DIRECTORY аргс : (ZP) = PATHNAME OF NEW DIRECTORY ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO цREATES A NEW DIRECTORY. и'M NOT SURE, BUT и THINK THAT THE CURRENT DIRECTORY HAS TO BE THE PARENT DIRECTORY OF THE DIRECTORY YOU WANT TO CREATE. тHIS MAY BE REQUIRED BY цмд DEVICES, WHICH WILL BE THE LOWEST COMMON DENOMINATOR FOR DIRECTORY SUPPORT. [нOTE: THIS CALL IS NOT IMPLEMENTED IN рELEASE #9]. наме : RMDIR пурпосе: DELETE AN EMPTY EXISTING DIRECTORY аргс : (ZP) = PATHNAME OF EMPTY DIRECTORY TO REMOVE ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO дELETES AN EXISTING DIRECTORY. тHE DIRECTORY MUST BE EMPTY (HAVE NO DIRECTORY ENTRIES) IN ORDER FOR THIS COMMAND TO SUCCEED. аGAIN, и AM PRETTY SURE THAT YOU HAVE TO BE "IN" THE PARENT DIRECTORY OF THE ONE TO BE DELETED, SINCE THIS IS PROBABLY REQUIRED BY цмд DEVICES. [нOTE: THIS CALL IS NOT IMPLEMENTED IN рELEASE #9]. 2.3. меморы цаллс тHE CALLS GIVEN IN THIS SECTION ARE TO BE USED FOR ACCESSING "FAR" MEMORY IN аце, WHICH INCLUDES ALL реу, рамлINK, рам1 AND ABOVE, AND SECTIONS OF рам0 THAT ARE NOT IN THE APPLICATION PROGRAM AREA. аPPLICATIONS ARE NOT ALLOWED TO ACCESS "FAR" MEMORY DIRECTLY, BECAUSE THE PRACTICE OF BYPASSING THE OPERATING SYSTEM WOULD UNDOUBTEDLY LEAD TO PROBLEMS (CAN YOU SAY "мс-дос"?). аLL OF THESE CALLS USE A 32-BIT POINTER THAT IS STORED IN THE ZERO-PAGE ARGUMENT FIELD "MP" (MEMORY POINTER). тHIS FIELD IS TO BE INTERPRETED AS CONSISTING OF LOW AND HIGH WORDS. тHE LOW WORD, WHICH OF COURSE COME FIRST, IS THE OFFSET INTO THE MEMORY "BANK" THAT IS CONTAINED IN THE HIGH WORD. уSERS MAY ASSUME THAT OFFSETS WITHIN A BANK ARE CONTINUOUS, SO OPERATIONS LIKE ADDITION MAY BE PERFORMED WITHOUT FEAR ON OFFSETS, TO ACCESS SUBFIELDS OF A STRUCTURE, FOR EXAMPLE. ыOU MAY NOT, HOWEVER, MAKE ANY INTERPRETATION OF THE BANK WORD. аN APPLICATION SHOULD ONLY ACCESS FAR MEMORY THAT IT HAS ALLOCATED FOR ITSELF VIA THE "PAGEALLOC" CALL. наме : ZPLOAD аргс : [MP] = SOURCE FAR MEMORY POINTER .ь = DESTINATION ZERO-PAGE ADDRESS .ы = TRANSFER LENGTH ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO лOAD ZERO-PAGE LOCATIONS WITH THE CONTENTS OF FAR MEMORY. "MP", OF COURSE, GIVES THE ADDRESS OF THE FIRST BYTE OF FAR MEMORY TO BE RETRIEVED. тHE ь REGISTER IS LOADED WITH THE FIRST ADDRESS OF THE STORAGE SPACE FOR THE DATA ON ZERO PAGE. иT MUST BE IN THE APPLICATION ZERO-PAGE SPACE. тHE ы REGISTER HOLDS THE NUMBER OF BYTES TO BE TRANSFERRED, WHICH, CONSIDERING THAT TRANSFERS MUST BE TO THE APPLICATION ZERO-PAGE STORAGE, MUST BE 126 BYTES OR LESS. тHIS ROUTINE WILL RETURN A "REFERENCE THROUGH NULL POINTER" IF [MP] CONTAINS A NULL POINTER. наме : ZPSTORE аргс : .ь = SOURCE ZERO-PAGE ADDRESS [MP] = DESTINATION FAR MEMORY POINTER .ы = TRANSFER LENGTH ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO тHIS ROUTINE IS THE COMPLEMENT OF "ZPLOAD"; THIS TRANSFERS DATA FROM ZERO PAGE TO FAR MEMORY. тHE ARGUMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS ARE THE SAME AS "ZPLOAD". наме : FETCH аргс : [MP] = SOURCE FAR MEMORY POINTER (ZP) = DESTINATION рам0 POINTER .аы = TRANSFER LENGTH ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO тHIS ROUTINE WILL FETCH UP TO 64к OF DATA FROM FAR MEMORY INTO рам0 MEMORY WHERE IT CAN BE ACCESSED DIRECTLY BY THE PROCESSOR. тHE ARGUMENTS SHOULD MOSTLY SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES. ыOU SHOULD NOT FETCH INTO рам0 MEMORY THAT IS NOT SPECIFICALLY ALLOCATED TO THE APPLICATION. ыOU WILL GET AN ERROR IF YOU TRY TO USE A NULL FAR POINTER. наме : STASH аргс : (ZP) = SOURCE рам0 POINTER [MP] = DESTINATION FAR MEMORY POINTER .аы = TRANSFER LENGTH ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO тHIS IS THE COMPLEMENT OF "FETCH" AND OPERATES ANALOGOUSLY, EXCEPT THAT IT TRANSFERS DATA FROM рам0 TO FAR MEMORY. наме : PAGEALLOC аргс : .а = REQUESTED NUMBER OF PAGES TO BE ALLOCATED .ь = STARTING "TYPE" OF MEMORY TO SEARCH .ы = ENDING "TYPE" OF MEMORY TO SEARCH, INCLUSIVE ретурнс: [MP] = FAR MEMORY POINTER TO START OF ALLOCATED MEMORY .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO тHIS ROUTINE ALLOCATES A GIVEN NUMBER OF CONTIGUOUS FAR-MEMORY PAGES FOR USE BY THE APPLICATION, AND RETURNS A POINTER TO THE FIRST BYTE OF THE FIRST PAGE. оN CALLING, THE ACCUMULATOR CONTAINS THE NUMBER OF PAGES TO ALLOCATE (A PAGE IS 256 CONTIGUOUS BYTES ALIGNED ON A 256-BYTE ADDRESS (I.E., THE LOW BYTE OF A PAGE ADDRESS IS ALL ZEROS)). тHE ь AND ы REGISTERS CONTAIN THE START AND END "TYPES" OF FAR MEMORY TO SEARCH FOR THE REQUIRED ALLOCATION. тHE POSSIBLE TYPES ARE MENTIONED IN THE сYSTEM цONSTANTS SECTION. тHE NUMERIC VALUES FOR THE "ACEмEM" CONSTANTS ARE ARRANGED IN ORDER OF ACCESSING SPEED. сO, IF YOUR APPLICATION HAS SPEED REQUIREMENTS THAT DICTATE, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT рамлINK MEMORY SHOULD NOT BE USED, THEN YOU WOULD CALL "PAGEALLOC" WITH A SEARCH RANGE OF .ь=0 TO .ы=ACEмEMиNTERNAL. иF YOU WANTED TO SAY YOU ARE WILLING TO ACCEPT ANY MEMORY THE SYSTEM CAN GIVE TO YOU, YOU WOULD SPECIFY .ь=0 TO .ы=255. тHE VALUES OF 0 AND 255 WILL BE CONVERTED TO THE FASTEST AND SLOWEST MEMORY AVAILABLE. аце WILL GIVE YOU THE FASTEST TYPE OF MEMORY, FROM WHAT YOU SPECIFY AS ACCEPTABLE, THAT IT CAN. иF YOU HAD AN APPLICATION THAT YOU DIDN'T WANT TO WASTE THE HIGH-SPEED MEMORY ON, YOU COULD FIRST CALL "PAGEALLOC" ASKING FOR SLOW MEMORY, SUCH AS .ь=ACEмEMрлреу TO .ы=255, AND IF THERE IS NONE OF THAT TYPE OF MEMORY LEFT, MAKE ANOTHER CALL WITH .ь=0 TO .ы=ACEмEMрлреу-1. тHIS ROUTINE WILL THEN SEARCH ITS AVAILABLE FREE MEMORY FOR A CHUNK FITTING YOUR SPECIFICATIONS. иF IT CANNOT FIND ONE, THE ROUTINE WILL RETURN A "INSUFFICIENT MEMORY" ERROR AND A NULL POINTER. нOTE THAT THIS ERROR MAY OCCUR IF THERE IS ACTUALLY THE CORRECT AMOUNT OF MEMORY FREE BUT JUST NOT IN A BIG ENOUGH CONTIGUOUS CHUNK. иF SUCCESSFUL, THIS ROUTINE WILL RETURN IN "MP" A POINTER TO THE FIRST BYTE OF THE FIRST PAGE OF THE ALLOCATED MEMORY. иF YOU CALL A SUBPROGRAM WITH THE "EXEC" CALL WHILE THE CURRENT PROGRAM IS HOLDING FAR MEMORY, THAT FAR MEMORY WILL BE KEPT ALLOCATED TO YOUR PROGRAM AND WILL BE SAFE WHILE THE CHILD PROGRAM IS EXECUTING. иF YOU DON'T DEALLOCATE THE MEMORY WITH "PAGEFREE" BEFORE EXITING BACK TO YOUR PARENT PROGRAM, THEN THE SYSTEM WILL AUTOMATICALLY DEALLOCATE ALL MEMORY ALLOCATED TO YOU. сO, HAVE NO FEAR ABOUT CALLING "EXIT" IF YOU ARE IN THE MIDDLE OF COMPLICATED FAR MEMORY MANIPULATION WHEN A FATAL ERROR CONDITION IS DISCOVERED AND YOU DON'T FEEL LIKE FIGURING OUT WHAT MEMORY YOUR PROGRAM OWNS AND DEALLOCATING IT. сOME APPLICATIONS WILL WANT TO HAVE THE MOST AMOUNT OF MEMORY TO WORK WITH, AND IF THERE IS FREE SPACE IN THE APPLICATION PROGRAM AREA THAT THE PROGRAM IS NOT USING DIRECTLY, THEN YOU MAY WANT TO USE THAT AS "FAR" MEMORY. тO DO THIS, YOU WILL NEED TO WRITE YOUR OWN STUB ROUTINES THAT MANAGE PAGE ALLOCATION AND DEALLOCATION REQUESTS TO THE NEAR MEMORY, AND CALLS THE "PAGEALLOC" AND "PAGEFREE" ROUTINES TO MANAGE THE FAR MEMORY. тHE "SORT" PROGRAM DISTRIBUTED WITH аце DOES THIS. пLEASE NOTE THAT YOU цаннот SIMPLY FREE THE UNUSED MEMORY OF THE APPLICATION PROGRAM AREA AND EXPECT THE SYSTEM TO MANAGE IT. бAD STUFF WOULD HAPPEN. сOME APPLICATIONS WILL WANT TO HAVE A BYTE-ORIENTED MEMORY ALLOCATION SERVICE RATHER THAN A PAGE-ORIENTED SERVICE. ыOU CAN BUILD A BYTE-ORIENTED SERVICE ON TOP OF THE PAGE-ORIENTED SERVICE IN YOUR APPLICATION PROGRAMS THAT MANAGE MEMORY FOR THE APPLICATION AND ASK THE SYSTEM FOR PAGES WHENEVER MORE MEMORY IS REQUIRED BY THE APPLICATION. нOTE THAT THIS STILL MEANS THAT ALLOCATED MEMORY WILL BE FREED AUTOMATICALLY WHEN AN APPLICATION EXITS. тHE "SORT" PROGRAM IMPLEMENTS THIS BYTE-ORIENTED SERVICE, SO YOU CAN CHECK ITS SOURCE CODE TO SEE HOW THIS IS DONE (OR TO SIMPLY CUT AND PASTE THE CODE INTO YOUR OWN PROGRAM). наме : PAGEFREE аргс : [MP] = FAR MEMORY POINTER TO START OF MEMORY TO BE FREED .а = NUMBER OF PAGES TO BE FREED ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO тHIS DEALLOCATES MEMORY THAT WAS ALLOCATED TO A PROCESS BY USING THE "PAGEALLOC" SYSTEM CALL. ыOU WILL GET AN ERROR RETURN IF YOU TRY TO DEALLOCATE MEMORY THAT YOU DON'T OWN. 2.4. сцреен цонтрол цаллс тHIS SECTION DESCRIBES THE SYSTEM CALLS THAT ARE AVAILABLE TO APPLICATION PROGRAMMERS FOR FULL-SCREEN APPLICATIONS. тHESE CALLS ARE INTENDED TO BE GENERAL ENOUGH TO HANDLE DIFFERENT SCREEN HARDWARE (THE жиц AND ждц CHIPS AND A жиц SOFT-80-COLUMN BITMAP SCREEN, AND POSSIBLY OTHERS). тHESE CALLS ARE ALSO DESIGNED TO BE EFFICIENT AS POSSIBLE, TO DISCOURAGE PROGAMMERS FROM ATTEMPTING TO BYPASS USING THEM. бYPASSING THESE CALLS WOULD BE A BAD THING. тHE CALLS ARE DESIGNED AROUND THE ц-128/пет CONCEPT OF A WINDOW. тHERE IS ONLY ONE ACTIVE WINDOW ON THE DISPLAY AT A TIME, WHICH MAY BE IS LARGE AS THE ENTIRE SCREEN OR AS SMALL AS 1X1 CHARACTER CELLS. тHIS WINDOW IS VERY CHEAP TO SETUP AND TEAR DOWN. аN APPLICATION CAN HAVE MULTIPLE WINDOWS ON THE SCREEN BY SWITCHING THE ACTIVE WINDOW AROUND. иN THE CALLS BELOW, ALL MENTION OF "SW" IN THE ARGUMENTS AND RETURN VALUES REFER TO THE "SYSWORK" ARRAY. фOR MANY CALLS, THERE IS A "CHAR/COLOR/ HIGH-ATTRIBUTE" ARGUMENT. тHIS ARGUMENT DETERMINES WHICH PARTS OF A SCREEN LOCATION WILL BE MODIFIED. тHERE ARE THREE COMPONENTS TO EACH SCREEN LOCATION: THE CHARACTER CODE, THE COLOR CODE, AND THE HIGH-ATTRIBUTES. тHE CHARACTER CODE IS EXACTLY THE SAME AS THE петсции CODE FOR THE CHARACTER THAT YOU WANT TO DISPLAY (UNLIKE THE SCREEN-CODE ARRANGEMENT THAT цOMMODORE CHOSE). тHERE ARE 128 INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERS IN THE NORMAL петсции POSITIONS, AND 128 REVERSED IMAGES OF THE CHARACTERS IN THE MOST SENSIBLE OTHER POSITIONS. тHE CODES ARE AS FOLLOWS: цодес (HEX) десцриптион ----------- ----------- $00-$1F REVERSE LOWERCASE LETTERS $20-$3F DIGITS AND PUNCTUATION $40-$5F LOWERCASE LETTERS $60-$7F REVERSE GRAPHICS CHARACTERS $80-$9F REVERSE UPPERCASE LETTERS $A0-$BF GRAPHICS CHARACTERS $C0-$DF UPPERCASE LETTERS $E0-$EF REVERSE DIGITS AND PUNCTUATION тHERE ARE SIXTEEN COLOR CODES, OCCUPYING THE LOWER FOUR BITS OF THE COLOR VALUE. тHESE ARE ргби CODES, AS FOLLOWS: цоде(DEC) (HEX) (BIN) десцриптион --------- ----- -RGBI ----------- 0 $0 %0000 BLACK 1 $1 %0001 DARK GREY 2 $2 %0010 BLUE 3 $3 %0011 LIGHT BLUE 4 $4 %0100 GREEN 5 $5 %0101 LIGHT GREEN 6 $6 %0110 DARK CYAN ON ждц, MEDIUM GREY ON жиц-ии 7 $7 %0111 CYAN 8 $8 %1000 RED 9 $9 %1001 LIGHT RED 10 $A %1010 PURPLE 11 $B %1011 LIGHT PURPLE ON ждц, ORANGE ON жиц-ии 12 $C %1100 BROWN 13 $D %1101 YELLOW 14 $E %1110 LIGHT GREY 15 $F %1111 WHITE фINALLY, THERE ARE THE HIGH-ATTRIBUTE BITS. тHESE OCCUPY THE FOUR MOST SIGNIFICANT BITS OF THE COLOR VALUE. дEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF DISPLAY (жиц TEXT, ждц TEXT, OR жиц/ждц BITMAP), THESE BITS HAVE ONE OF THREE MEANINGS: CHARACTER ATTRIBUTES, BACKGROUND CHARACTER COLOR, OR NO EFFECT. тHUS, CARE MUST BE TAKEN IN USING THESE BITS; THEY WILL HAVE DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON DIFFERENT DISPLAYS. тHE BACKGROUND CHARACTER CODES ARE THE SAME AS THE FOREGROUND CHARACTER CODES LISTED ABOVE. тHE CHARACTER ATTRIBUTES HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANINGS: бит жалуе (DEC) (HEX) десцриптион -AVUB---- ----- ----- ----------- %10000000 128 $80 ALTERNATE CHARACTERSET (ITALIC) %01000000 64 $40 REVERSE CHARACTER %00100000 32 $20 UNDERLINE %00010000 16 $10 BLINK тHESE VALUES ARE ADDITIVE (OR, SHOULD и SAY, "OR-ATIVE"); YOU CAN USE ANY COMBINATION OF THEM AT ONE TIME. нORMALLY, YOU MAY WISH TO LEAVE THE HIGH-ATTRIBUTE BITS ALONE, UNLESS YOU TAKE THE VALUES TO GIVE THEM FROM THE COLOR PALETTES (NEXT SECTION). тO SPECIFY WHICH OF YOU WISH TO HAVE CHANGED, SET BITS IN THE "CHAR/COLOR/HIGH-ATTRIBUTE" ARGUMENT TO SYSTEM CALLS. тHE FLAGS HAVE THE FOLLOWING VALUES. тHEY ARE OR-ATIVE AS WELL: бит жалуе (DEC) (HEX) десцриптион -CAH----- ----- ----- ----------- %10000000 128 $80 MODIFY CHARACTER %01000000 64 $40 MODIFY COLOR %00100000 32 $20 MODIFY HIGH-ATTRIBUTE BITS тHE SCREEN CALLS THAT DEAL WITH PLACING CHARACTERS ON THE SCREEN REFER TO SCREEN LOCATIONS USING ABSOLUTE ADDRESSES OF LOCATIONS IN SCREEN MEMORY. тHIS SCHEME IS USED FOR INCREASED EFFICIENCY. ыOU CAN OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT THE ABSOLUTE SCREEN ADDRESS OF THE TOP LEFT-HAND CORNER OF THE CURRENT WINDOW AND THE NUMBER OF SCREEN ADDRESSES BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE ROWS, TO FIGURE OUT SCREEN ADDRESSES FOR YOUR APPLICATIONS. фOR ADDED CONVENIENCE, THERE IS A CALL WHICH WILL ACCEPT ROW AND COLUMN NUMBERS AND RETURN THE CORRESPONDING ABSOLUTE SCREEN ADDRESS. тHE SCREEN-CONTROL SYSTEM CALLS ARE AS FOLLOWS: наме : WINMAX аргс : ретурнс: алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы сETS THE CURRENT WINDOW TO COVER THE ENTIRE SCREEN. наме : WINCLEAR аргс : .а = CHAR/COLOR/HIGH-ATTRIBUTE MODIFICATION FLAGS .ь = CHARACTER FILL VALUE .ы = COLOR FILL VALUE ретурнс: алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы тHIS CALL "CLEARS" THE CURRENT WINDOW BY FILLING IT WITH THE CHARACTER/COLOR YOU SPECIFY. ыOU CAN USE THE CHAR/COLOR/HI-ATTR TO LIMIT WHAT GETS CLEARED. [нOTE: тHE ARGUMENTS FOR THIS CALL ARE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT IN рELEASE #9]. наме : WINSET аргс : .а = NUMBER OF ROWS IN WINDOW .ь = NUMBER OF COLUMNS IN WINDOW SW+0 = ABSOLUTE SCREEN ROW OF TOP LEFT CORNER OF WINDOW SW+1 = ABSOLUTE SCREEN COLUMN OF TOP LEFT CORNER OF WINDOW ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO сETS THE CURRENT WINDOW TO THE SIZE YOU SPECIFY. ыOU WILL GET AN ERROR RETURN IF THE WINDOW WILL NOT FIT ON THE SCREEN OR OF IT DOES NOT CONTAIN AT LEAST ONE CHARACTER. [нOTE: тHIS CALL IS NOT IMPLEMENTED IN рELEASE #9]. наме : WINSIZE аргс : ретурнс: .а = NUMBER OF ROWS IN WINDOW .ь = NUMBER OF COLUMNS IN WINDOW SW+0 = ABSOLUTE SCREEN ROW OF TOP LEFT CORNER OF WINDOW SW+1 = ABSOLUTE SCREEN COLUMN OF TOP LEFT CORNER OF WINDOW (SW+2)= SCREEN ADDRESS OF TOP LEFT CORNER (SW+4)= SCREEN ADDRESS INCREMENT BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE ROWS ON SCREEN алтерс : рETURNS INFORMATION ABOUT THE CURRENT WINDOW. [нOTE: THE ARGUMENTS ARE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT IN рELEASE #9]. наме : WINPUT аргс : (SW+0)= ABSOLUTE SCREEN ADDRESS TO START PUTTING DATA AT (SW+2)= CHARACTER STRING POINTER .ь = LENGTH OF CHARACTER STRING .ы = COLOR .а = CHAR/COLOR/HIGH-ATTRIBUTE MODIFICATION FLAGS SW+4 = FILL CHARACTER SW+5 = TOTAL FIELD LENGTH ретурнс: алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы пUTS TEXT ONTO THE SCREEN. тHE OUTPUT REGION IS GIVEN BY THE ABSOLUTE STARTING SCREEN ADDRESS AND THE TOTAL FIELD LENGTH. тHIS REGION MUST BE CONTAINED ON ONE LINE OF THE CURRENT WINDOW, OR BAD THINGS WILL HAPPEN. а POINTER TO THE CHARACTERS TO BE PRINTED IS GIVEN, AS WELL AS THE LENGTH OF THE CHARACTER ARRAY. цONTROL CHARACTERS IN THIS STRING ARE IGNORED; THEY ARE POKED LITERALLY ONTO THE SCREEN, INCLUDING THE NULL CHARACTER. тHE LENGTH OF THE CHARACTER STRING MUST BE LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO THE TOTAL LENGTH OF THE FIELD. рEMAINING SPACES IN THE FIELD WILL BE FILLED IN WITH THE "FILL CHARACTER". тHE COLOR OF THE TOTAL FIELD LENGTH WILL BE FILLED IN WITH "COLOR". ыOU CAN USE THE "CHAR/COLOR/HI-ATTR" MODIFICATION FLAGS TO SPECIFY WHAT IS TO BE CHANGED. иF YOU WERE TO, FOR EXAMPLE, SPECIFY THAT THE COLORS OF THE FIELD ARE NOT TO BE CHANGED, THEN THE CALL WOULD EXECUTE FASTER. наме : WINCOLOR аргс : .ь = NEW ргби SCREEN COLOR .ы = NEW ргби BORDER COLOR .а = WHICH COLORS TO CHANGE ($80=SCREEN + $40=BORDER) ретурнс: .ь = RESULTING ргби SCREEN COLOR .ы = RESULTING ргби BORDER COLOR алтерс : .а сETS THE COLOR OF THE SCREEN AND BORDER. ыOU MAY OPTIONALLY SET ONE, THE OTHER, BOTH, OR NEITHER. тHE RESULTING COLORS FOR COLORS CHANGED, AND THE EXISTING COLORS FOR COLORS UNCHANED WILL BE RETURNED. нOTE THAT NOT ALL SCREENS HAVE AN ADJUSTABLE COLOR, SO THE BORDER ARGUMENT MAY BE IGNORED. наме : WINPOS аргс : .а = ROW .ь = COLUMN ретурнс: (SW+0)= SCREEN MEMORY ADDRESS OF POSITION алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы гIVEN A ROW AND COLUMN IN THE CURRENT WINDOW, RETURNS THE CORRESPONDING ABSOLUTE SCREEN MEMORY LOCATION FOR USE WITH OTHER CALLS. нO ERRORS ARE RETURNED, SO GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUT. наме : WINCURSOR аргс : (SW+0)= SCREEN ADDRESS TO PLACE CURSOR .а = ENABLE FLAG ($FF=CURSOR-ON / $00=CURSOR-OFF) .ы = COLOR TO SHOW CURSOR IN ретурнс: алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы дISPLAYS OR UNDISPLAYS THE CURSOR AT THE GIVEN SCREEN ADDRESS. тHIS CALL RETURNS IMMEDIATELY IN EITHER CASE. нO ERRORS ARE RETURNED. дO NOT DISPLAY ANYTHING IN OR SCROLL THE WINDOW WHILE THE CURSOR IS BEING DISPLAYED, DO NOT DISPLAY THE CURSOR TWICE, AND DO NOT UNDISPLAY THE CURSOR TWICE IN A ROW OR BAD THINGS WILL HAPPEN. аLSO, MAKE SURE YOU GIVE THE SAME ADDRESS WHEN UNDISPLAYING THE CURSOR AS YOU DID WHEN DISPLAYING THE CURSOR. вHEN THE SYSTEM STARTS, THE CURSOR WILL BE IN ITS UNDISPLAYED STATE (DUH!). ыOU ALSO GET TO SPECIFY THE COLOR YOU WANT THE CURSOR TO BE SHOWN IN. тHE HIGH-ATTRIBUTE BITS OF THIS COLOR ARE IGNORED. наме : WINSCROLL аргс : .а = FLAGS: CHAR/COLOR/HI-ATTR + $08=UP + $04=DOWN .ь = NUMBER OF ROWS TO SCROLL UP/DOWN SW+4 = FILL CHARACTER .ы = FILL COLOR ретурнс: алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы сCROLLS THE CONTENTS OF THE CURRENT WINDOW UP OR DOWN. ыOU CAN SCROLL ANY NUMBER OF ROWS AT A TIME. аFTER SCROLLING, THE BOTTOM (OR TOP) ROWS WILL BE FILLED WITH THE FILL CHARACTER AND COLOR. ыOU CAN LIMIT WHETHER THE CHARACTERS AND/OR COLORS ARE TO BE SCROLLED BY USING THE "FLAGS" BYTE IN THE USUAL WAY. сCROLLING ONLY THE CHARACTERS, FOR EXAMPLE, WILL BE TWICE AS FAST AS SCROLLING BOTH CHARACTERS AND ATTRIBUTES. вHETHER TO SCROLL UP OR DOWN IS SPECIFIED ALSO USING BITS IN THE "FLAGS" FIELD, AS INDICATED IN THE INPUT ARGUMENTS ABOVE. ыOU CAN SPECIFY SCROLLING IN MORE THAN ONE WAY, AND THE RESULT WILL BE TO SCROLL IN EACH SPECIFIED DIRECTION IN TURN, IN THE ORDER UP, THEN DOWN. иN THE FUTURE, SCROLLING LEFT AND RIGHT MAY BE ADDED TO THIS CALL. [нOTE: тHE ARGUMENTS AND SEMANTICS OF THIS CALL ARE A LITTLE DIFFERENT IN рELEASE #9]. 2.5. цонсоле цаллс тHE CALLS IN THIS SECTION REFER TO THE SYSTEM "CONSOLE", WHICH INCLUDES THE SCREEN AND KEYBOARD. тHE SCREEN-RELATED CALLS ARE AT A HIGHER LEVEL THAN THE CALLS IN THE PREVIOUS SECTION. наме : STOPKEY аргс : ретурнс: .цс = STOP KEY PRESSED алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO иNDICATES WHETHER THE стоп (рун/стоп) KEY IS CURRENTLY BEING HELD DOWN BY THE USER. иF SO, CARRY FLAG IS SET ON RETURN (AND CLEAR IF NOT). иF THE STOP KEY IS DISCOVERED TO BE PRESSED BY THIS CALL, THEN THE KEYBOARD BUFFER WILL ALSO BE CLEARED. наме : GETKEY аргс : ретурнс: .а = KEYBOARD CHARACTER алтерс : .ь, .ы вAITS FOR THE USER TO TYPE A KEY (OR TAKES A PREVIOUS KEYSTROKE FROM THE KEYBOARD BUFFER). рEGULAR CHARACTERS ARE RETURNED IN THEIR REGULAR петсции CODES, BUT THERE ARE MANY SPECIAL CONTROL KEYSTROKES. тHEY ARE NOT LISTED HERE (YET) BECAUSE и HAVEN'T FIGURED OUT WHAT ALL OF THE SPECIAL CODES SHOULD BE, BUT ALL 256 POSSIBLE CHARACTER VALUES WILL BE COVERED. сPECIAL CODES LIKE "PAGE UP", ETC. SHOULD HELP IN STANDARDIZING CONTROL KEYSTROKES FOR APPLICATIONS. тHE KEY CODE IS RETURNED IN THE ACCUMULATOR. нO ERRORS ARE POSSIBLE. наме : CONCOLOR аргс : .а = WHICH COLORS TO MODIFY: $02=CHARACTER + $01=CURSOR + $80=MODIFY HIGH-ATTRIBUTES OF COLORS .ь = NEW ргби CHARACTER COLOR .ы = NEW ргби CURSOR COLOR ретурнс: .ь = RESULTING CHARACTER COLOR .ы = RESULTING CURSOR COLOR алтерс : .а сETS THE CHARACTER AND CURSOR COLORS TO BE USED BY THE CONSOLE FOR THE "READ" AND "WRITE" SYSTEM CALLS THAT REFER TO FILES OPENED TO THE CONSOLE DEVICE. ыOU CAN USE THE FLAGS ARGUMENT TO LIMIT WHAT GETS CHANGED. [нOTE: FLAGS ARGUMENT IS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT IN рELEASE #9]. наме : CONPALETTE аргс : ретурнс: SW+0 = MAIN CHARACTER COLOR SW+1 = CURSOR COLOR SW+2 = STATUS CHARACTER COLOR SW+3 = SEPARATOR CHARACTER COLOR SW+4 = HIGHLIGHT CHARACTER COLOR SW+5 = ALERT CHARACTER COLOR SW+6 = SCREEN BORDER COLOR SW+7 = SCREEN BACKGROUND COLOR алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы рETURNS THE PALETTE OF COLORS THAT ARE RECOMMENDED TO BE USED IN APPLICATIONS. тHESE COLORS ARE CHOSEN BY THE USER IN THE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION, SO THEY CAN BE INTERPRETED AS BEING WHAT THE USER WANTS AND EXPECTS APPLICATIONS TO USE. а DIFFERENT SELECTION IS MADE BY THE USER FOR EACH DIFFERENT SCREEN TYPE, AND THE PALETTE RETURNED WILL BE FOR THE SCREEN TYPE CURRENTLY IN USE. тHE HIGH-ATTRIBUTE BITS OF THESE COLORS ARE VALID. еIGHT COLORS ARE INCLUDED IN THE PALETTE, AND YOU MAY INTERPRET THEIR MEANING ACCORDING TO THE APPLICATION. тHE SUGGESTED USAGES ARE GIVEN IN THE RETURN ARGUMENTS LISTED ABOVE. наме : CONSCREEN аргс : .а = NUMBER OF TEXT ROWS REQUIRED, MINIMUM .ь = NUMBER OF TEXT COLUMNS REQUIRED, MINIMUM ретурнс: .а = NUMBER OF TEXT ROWS YOU GET .ь = NUMBER OF TEXT COLUMNS YOU GET .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG (REQUESTED SIZE CANNOT BE GIVEN) алтерс : .ы, ERRNO тHIS CALL SELECTS AN APPROPRIATE DISPLAY DEVICE, SCREEN, AND LAYOUT FOR DISPLAYING TEXT. ыOU ASK FOR THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF ROWS AND COLUMNS YOU REQUIRE ON THE SCREEN, AND THE CALL RETURNS TO YOU WHAT YOU RECEIVE. иF THE SYSTEM CANNOT MATCH YOUR MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS, AN ERROR WILL BE RETURNED, AND THE CURRENT SCREEN WILL BE UNCHANGED. тHE CLOCK SPEED OF THE PROCESSOR WILL BE CHANGED TO MATCH THE SCREEN SELECTED, IF APPROPRIATE. наме : CONPOS аргс : .а = ROW .ь = COLUMN ретурнс: .цс = ERROR ENCOUNTERED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы тHIS CALL WILL SET THE SCREEN LOCATION THAT THE NEXT CONSOLE "READ" OR "WRITE" SYSTEM CALL WILL OPERATE FROM. иF THE "CURSOR" POSITION IS OUTSIDE THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CURRENT WINDOW ON THE SCREEN, AN ERROR WILL BE RETURNED. [нOTE: THIS FUNCTION IS NOT IMPLEMENTED IN рELEASE #9]. 2.6. процесс цонтрол цаллс тHIS SECTION DESCRIBES CALLS THAT ARE USED TO CONTROL THE EXECUTION OF PROCESSES (ACTIVE PROGRAMS). фROM WITHIN ONE PROGRAM, YOU CAN CALL FOR THE EXECUTION OF ANOTHER PROGRAM, HAVE IT EXECUTE, AND THEN RETURN TO THE CALLING PROGRAM. сINCE ONLY ONE PROGRAM IS ALLOWED IN MEMORY AT A TIME, SOME SPECIAL PROBLEMS ARISE. аLSO, ONLY RUDIMENTARY VERSIONS OF THESE SYSTEM CALLS ARE IMPLEMENTED IN рELEASE #9 AND и HAVEN'T DECIDED COMPLETELY HOW THEY SHOULD WORK. сO, THIS SECTION IS A BIT TENTATIVE. наме : EXEC пурпосе: EXECUTE EXTERNAL PROGRAM AS A CHILD PROCESS аргс : (ZP) = PROGRAM NAME OF EXECUTABLE (ZW) = START ADDRESS OF ARGUMENT VECTOR .аы = NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS [MP] = POINTER TO FAR MEMORY VOLATILE STORAGE ретурнс: .а = EXIT CODE .ь = NUMBER OF BYTES IN "ACEеXITдATA" USED [MP] = POINTER TO FAR MEMORY VOLATILE STORAGE .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .ы, ERRNO цALLING THIS ROUTINE WILL CAUSE A NEW "FRAME" TO BE SET UP ON THE "SYSTEM STACK" (LOWERING THE AVAILABLE APPLICATION AREA MEMORY A LITTLE), THE SPECIFIED PROGRAM TO BE LOADED INTO MEMORY OVER TOP OF THE CURRENT ONE, THE NEW PROGRAM TO BE EXECUTED, THE OLD PROGRAM TO BE RELOADED FROM WHATEVER DISK UNIT IT CAME FROM ORIGINALLY UPON EXIT OF THE NEW PROGRAM, AND CONTROL TO BE RETURNED TO THE OLD PROCESS WITH THE RETURN VALUES FROM THE EXECUTED PROGRAM. тHIS IS A COMPLICATED PROCEDURE AND MANY THINGS CAN GO WRONG. тHE FIRST THING THAT A PROCESS THAT WANTS TO CALL ANOTHER PROGRAM MUST DO IS SET UP THE ARGUMENTS TO BE PASSED IN. аLL ARGUMENTS MUST BE NULL-TERMINATED STRINGS. тHESE ARGUMENTS ARE TO BE PUT INTO HIGH MEMORY, STARTING FROM ONE LESS THAN THE LOCATION POINTED TO BY "ACEмEMтOP" AND WORKING DOWNWARD. иT DOES NOT MATTER IN WHICH ORDER THE STRINGS ARE PLACED, AS LONG AS THEY ARE ALL GROUPED TOGETHER. тHEN, IMMEDIATELY BELOW THE STRINGS COMES THE VECTOR OF TWO-BYTE рам0 POINTERS THAT POINT TO THE STRINGS. тHIS ARRAY MUST BE IN ORDER, WITH THE LOWEST ENTRY POINTING TO THE FIRST (ZERO SUBSCRIPT) STRING, ETC., THE SECOND HIGHEST ENTRY POINTING TO THE LAST STRING, AND THE HIGHEST ENTRY CONTAINING THE VALUE $0000. аN ASCIIGRAM FOLLOWS: хигхер аддрессес э э э э <--(ACEмEMтOP) +-----------+ э э э STRING э э э : COLLECTION OF NULL-TERMINATED STRINGS э CONTENTS э э э э э +-----------+ э $0000 э : ARGV[н] : NULL ARGUMENT POINTER +-----------+ э STRPTRн-1 э : ARGV[н-1] +-----------+ э STRPTRн-2 э : ARGV[н-2] +-----------+ . . . . +-----------+ э STRPTR 1 э : ARGV[1] : FIRST ACTUAL ARGUMENT +-----------+ э STRPTR 0 э <--(ZW) : ARGV[0] : FILENAME OF PROGRAM TO BE EXECUTED +-----------+ э э ловер аддрессес тHE FIRST ENTRY SHOULD INDICATE THE FILENAME OR COMMAND NAME OF THE PROGRAM BEING EXECUTED, AND THE SUBSEQUENT ARGUMENTS ARE THE ACTUAL INPUT ARGUMENTS TO THE PROGRAM BEING CALLED. тHE ADDRESS OF THE FIRST ARGUMENT VECTOR TABLE ENTRY IS LOADED INTO (ZW), AND THE NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS IS LOADED INTO .аы. нOTE THAT THIS VALUE ALSO INCLUDES THE COMMAND NAME, SO IF, FOR EXAMPLE, YOU WERE TO CALL PROGRAM "WC" TO COUNT TWO FILENAMES "HELLO" AND "GOODBYE", THEN YOU WOULD PASS AN ARGUMENT COUNT OF 3. тHE NAME POINTED TO BY "ARGV[0]" DOES NOT ACTUALLY HAVE TO BE THE LITERAL COMMAND NAME, BUT THE ONE POINTED TO BY (ZP) DOES. иF A RELATIVE EXECUTABLE NAME IS GIVEN IN (ZP), THEN THE SEARCH PATH WILL BE USED TO LOCATE THE EXECUTABLE. оH, DON'T SCREW UP THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ARGUMENTS OR BAD THINGS WILL HAPPEN; THERE IS NO STRUCTURE CHECKING. аFTER SETTING UP THE ARGUMENTS, YOU'LL WANT TO SET UP ANY REDIRECTIONS OF STDIN, STDOUT, OR STDERR YOU'LL BE NEEDING. бECAUSE THERE IS ONLY ONE OPEN FILE TABLE IN THE WHOLE UNI-TASKING SYSTEM, YOU'LL HAVE TO MANIPULATE EXISTING ENTRIES USING THE "FDSWAP" SYSTEM CALL DESCRIBED EARLIER. тHE OPEN FILE TABLE IS INHERITED BY THE CHILD PROCESS. нOTE THAT IF IT CLOSES ANY OF THE OPEN FILES IT INHERITED, THEN THEY ARE ALSO CLOSED TO YOUR USE ALSO. иF THE CHILD ACCIDENTALLY LEAVES OPEN ANY FILES IT OPENED, THEY WILL BE CLOSED BY THE SYSTEM BEFORE YOU ARE REACTIVATED. фINALLY, BEFORE THE CALL IS MADE, YOU HAVE TO SAVE ANY VOLATILE LOCAL INFORMATION INTO "FAR" MEMORY. аLL APPLICATION ZEROPAGE AND APPLICATION AREA MEMORY WILL BE MODIFIED BY THE CALLED PROGRAM, SO YOU MUST SAVE WHATEVER YOU WILL NEED TO CONTINUE AFTER THE RETURN TO BE ABLE TO CONTINUE. аS MENTIONED EARLIER, ALL OF THE "FAR" MEMORY THAT A PARENT PROGRAM OWNS WILL BE SAFE, SO YOU CAN SAVE YOUR VOLATILE INFORMATION THERE, IN ANY FORMAT YOU WISH. аLL YOU HAVE TO DO IS SAVE THE POINTER TO THE FAR MEMORY INTO THE [MP] POINTER. уPON RETURN OF THE CHILD PROCESS, THE VALUE YOU PUT INTO [MP] WILL BE RESTORED, AND YOU CAN THEN RESTORE YOUR VOLATILE INFORMATION OUT OF FAR STORAGE. иF YOU WISH TO SAVE NO VOLATILE INFORMATION, THEN YOU CAN JUST LEAVE GARBAGE IN THE [MP] VALUE, SINCE IT WILL NOT BE INTERPRETED BY THE SYSTEM. аLRIGHT, SO NOW YOU CALL THE "EXEC" PRIMITIVE, THE CHILD PROGRAM IS LOADED, EXECUTED, AND IT RETURNS. аT THIS TIME, THE PARENT PROGRAM (THAT'S YOU) IS RELOADED FROM WHEREVER IT WAS LOADED ORIGINALLY AND YOU ARE RETURNED TO THE INSTRUCTION IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE "JSR EXEC", WITH YOUR PROCESSOR STACK INTACT BUT THE REST OF YOUR VOLATILE STORAGE INVALID. еVEN IF THERE IS AN ERROR RETURN (CARRY FLAG SET), YOUR VOLATILE STORAGE WILL STILL NEED TO BE RESTORED, SINCE THE APPLICATION AREA MAY HAVE BEEN OVERWRITTEN BEFORE THE ERROR WAS DISCOVERED. иN THE CASE OF AN ERROR RETURN, THE CHILD PROCESS WILL NOT HAVE BEEN EXECUTED. иF THE SYSTEM IS UNABLE TO RELOAD THE PARENT PROGRAM (YOU), THEN AN ERROR RETURN IS GIVEN TO YOUR PARENT, AND SO ON, AS FAR BACK AS NECESSARY. (тHIS IS A MINOR EXCEPTION TO THE RULE THAT AN ERROR RETURN INDICATES THAT A CHILD DIDN'T EXECUTE; IN THIS CASE, THE CHILD DIDN'T COMPLETE). ыOU ARE ALSO RETURNED AN "EXIT CODE", WHICH WILL HAVE APPLICATION-SPECIFIC MEANING, ALTHOUGH STANDARD PROGRAMS (E.G., SHELL SCRIPT) INTERPRET THE VALUE AS: 0==NORMAL EXIT, ANYTHING ELSE==ERROR EXIT. тHE ь REGISTER IS ALSO SET TO INDICATE THE AMOUNT OF "ACEеXITдATA" THAT IS USED, TO ALLOW FOR MORE COMPLICATED RETURN VALUES. [нOTE: тHIS CALL IS DIFFERENT IN рELEASE #9]. наме : EXECSUB пурпосе: EXECUTE INTERNAL SUBROUTINE AS A SEPARATE PROCESS аргс : (ZP) = ADDRESS OF SUBROUTINE (ZW) = ADDRESS OF ARGUMENT VECTOR ретурнс: .а = EXIT CODE .ь = NUMBER OF BYTES IN "ACEеXITдATA" USED .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .ы, ERRNO тHIS CALL IS VERY SIMILAR TO "EXEC", EXCEPT THAT IT CALLS AN INTERNAL SUBROUTINE RATHER THAN AN EXTERNAL PROGRAM. тHUS, YOU DON'T HAVE TO SAVE OR RESTORE YOUR VOLATILE STORAGE, OR WORRY ABOUT LOADING THE CHILD OR RELOADING THE PARENT. ыOU DO, HOWEVER, SET UP THE ARGUMENTS AND FILE REDIRECTIONS AS YOU WOULD FOR A FULL "EXEC". [нOTE: THIS CALL IS DIFFERENT IN рELEASE #9]. наме : EXIT пурпосе: EXIT CURRENT PROGRAM, RETURN TO PARENT аргс : .а = EXIT CODE .ь = NUMBER OF BYTES IN "ACEеXITдATA" USED ретурнс: алтерс : тHIS CALL CAUSES THE CURRENT PROGRAM TO EXIT BACK TO ITS PARENT. а PROGRAM THAT EXITS SIMPLY BY RETURNING TO ITS ENVIRONMENT WILL GIVE BACK AN EXIT CODE OF 0, WHICH SHOULD BE INTERPRETED AS A NORMAL RETURN. иF YOU WISH TO INDICATE A SPECIAL RETURN, YOU SHOULD USE SOME EXIT CODE OTHER THAN ZERO. мANY UTILITIES WILL INTERPRET NON-ZERO ERROR CODES AS ACTUAL ERRORS AND MAY ABORT FURTHER OPERATIONS BECAUSE OF THIS. ыOU MAY SET UP A RETURN DATA IN "ACEеXITдATA", UP TO 255 BYTES WORTH, AND LOAD THE NUMBER OF BYTES USED INTO .ь IF YOU WISH. иT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE FIRST FIELD OF THIS DATA BE A SPECIAL IDENTIFIER CODE SO PROGRAMS THAT CANNOT INTERPRET YOUR DATA WILL NOT TRY. ыOU CANNOT GIVE ANY FAR POINTERS IN YOUR RETURN DATA, SINCE ALL FAR MEMORY ALLOCATED TO YOU WILL BE FREED BY THE SYSTEM BEFORE RETURNING TO YOUR PARENT. наме : MEMSTAT пурпосе: GET "FAR" MEMORY STATUS PLUS PROCESS ID аргс : ретурнс: .а = CURRENT PROCESS ID [SW+0]= AMOUNT OF "FAR" MEMORY FREE [SW+4]= TOTAL AMOUNT OF "FAR" MEMORY алтерс : .ь, .ы тHIS CALL RETURNS THE CURRENT PROCESS ID, THE NUMBER OF BYTES OF FAR MEMORY CURRENTLY FREE, AND THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF FAR MEMORY. 2.7. мисцелланеоус цаллс наме : UTOA пурпосе: CONVERT UNSIGNED 32-BIT NUMBER TO A DECIMAL петсции STRING аргс : .а = MINIMUM LENGTH FOR RETURN STRING .ь = ZERO-PAGE ADDRESS OF 32-BIT NUMBER (SW+0)= POINTER TO STRING BUFFER TO STORE STRING ретурнс: .ы = LENGTH OF STRING алтерс : .а, .ь тHIS IS A UTILITY CALL IN THE KERNEL. иT IS REALLY NOT NECESSARY FOR IT TO BE IN THE KERNEL, BUT SO MANY PROGRAMS MAKE USE OF IT THAT IT MAKES SENSE FOR IT TO BE FACTORED OUT. ыOU GIVE A POINTER TO A 32-BIT UNSIGNED VALUE IN ZERO PAGE MEMORY, A POINTER TO A BUFFER TO STORE THAT STRING THAT IS AT LEAST AS LONG AS NECESSARY TO STORE THE VALUE PLUS THE NULL-CHARACTER TERMINATOR THAT WILL BE PUT ON THE END OF THE STRING, AND A MINIMUM LENGTH VALUE FOR THE STRING. иF THE NUMBER REQUIRES FEWER DIGITS THAN THE MINIMUM LENGTH, THE STRING WILL BE PADDED WITH SPACES ON THE LEFT. сINCE A 32-BIT QUANTITY CAN ONLY CONTAIN AN MAXIMUM OF TEN DECIMAL DIGITS, THE STRING BUFFER WILL ONLY NEED TO BE A MAXIMUM OF ELEVEN BYTES IN SIZE. наме : GETDATE пурпосе: GET THE CURRENT DATE AND TIME аргс : (.аы) = ADDRESS OF BUFFER TO PUT бцд-FORMAT DATE INTO ретурнс: алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы рETURNS THE CURRENT DATE AND TIME IN THE бцд FORMAT DESCRIBED IN THE PARAGRAPH ON "ACEдIRENTдATE". иT PUTS IT INTO THE AT-LEAST-EIGHT-BYTE STORAGE AREA POINTED TO BY (.аы). наме : SETDATE пурпосе: SET THE CURRENT DATE AND TIME аргс : (.аы) = ADDRESS OF DATE IN бцд FORMAT ретурнс: алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы сETS THE CURRENT DATE AND TIME IN THE SYSTEM. (.аы) POINTS TO THE бцд DATE STRING WHOSE FORMAT IS DISCUSSED IN THE PARAGRAPH ON "ACEдIRENTдATE". нO VALIDITY CHECKING IS PERFORMED ON THE DATE GIVEN. наме : CMDOPEN пурпосе: OPEN COMMAND CHANNEL TO цOMMODORE DISK DRIVES аргс : (ZP) = DEVICE NAME ретурнс: .а = FILE DESCRIPTOR NUMBER .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .ь, .ы, ERRNO тHIS "CMD" SET OF SYSTEM CALLS REALLY SHOULD NOT BE PRESENT, BUT THEY WILL BE NEEDED UNTIL THE FULL COMPLEMENT OF DISK-UTILITY SYSTEM CALLS ARE IMPLEMENTED. иT IS REALLY NOT RECOMMENDED THAT ANY APPLICATION PROGRAM RELY ON THESE CALLS BEING AROUND VERY LONG. тHIS CALL OPENS THE COMMAND CHANNEL ON THE NAMED DEVICE (STANDARD аце DEVICE NAME STRING) AND RETURNS THE FILE DESCRIPTOR NUMBER TO USE THEREAFTER. наме : CMDCLOSE пурпосе: CLOSE COMMAND CHANNEL TO цOMMODORE DISK DRIVES аргс : .а = FILE DESCRIPTOR NUMBER ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO тHIS CLOSES AN OPENED COMMAND CHANNEL TO A DISK DRIVE. цLOSING THE STATUS WILL нот AFFECT ANY OTHER OPEN FILES ON THE DISK UNIT AT THE TIME. наме : CMDSEND пурпосе: SEND COMMAND OVER COMMAND CHANNEL TO цOMMODORE DISK DRIVES аргс : .ь = FILE DESCRIPTOR NUMBER (.аы) = POINTER TO NULL-TERMINATED COMMAND STRING ретурнс: .цс = ERROR OCCURRED FLAG алтерс : .а, .ь, .ы, ERRNO тHIS SENDS A COMMAND STRING TO A DISK DRIVE. сINCE A NULL-TERMINATED STRING REPRESENTATION IS USED, NOT ALL цOMMODORE/цмд-дос COMMANDS CAN BE SENT, BUT THE IMPORTANT ONES CAN BE. наме : CMDSTATUS пурпосе: RECEIVE CURRENT STATUS FROM COMMAND CHANNEL OF цOMMODORE DISK DRIVES аргс : .ь = FILE DESCRIPTOR NUMBER (.аы) = POINTER TO BUFFER FOR NULL-TERMINATED STATUS STRING ретурнс: .а = STATUS CODE IN BINARY .цс = ERROR OCCURRED алтерс : .ь, .ы, ERRNO тHIS RETURNS THE STATUS OF A DISK DRIVE IN A STRING AS WELL AS THE BINARY DISK STATUS NUMBER IN THE ACCUMULATOR. тHE GIVEN STATUS BUFFER MUST BE AT LEAST 50 OR SO CHARACTERS LONG (WHATEVER IS THE LONGEST POSSIBLE DISK STATUS STRING). 3. усер програм организатион тHE аце SYSTEM ITSELF IS WRITTEN USING THE бUDDY-128 ASSEMBLER, SO IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT APPLICATIONS BE WRITTEN IN THIS ALSO. уSER PROGRAMS FOR аце HAVE A VERY SIMPLE STRUCTURE. хERE IS THE STANDARD "HELLO, WORLD" EXAMPLE PROGRAM WRITTEN IN бUDDY ASSEMBLER FOR аце: -----=----- .SEQ ACEHEAD.S .ORG ACEаPPаDDRESS .OBJ "@0:HELLO" JMP MAIN .BYTE ACEид1,ACEид2,ACEид3 MAIN = * LDA #HELLOмSG STA ZP+0 STY ZP+1 LDA #HELLOмSGеND-HELLOмSG LDX #STDOUT JSR WRITE RTS HELLOмSG = * .ASC "хELLO, CRUEL WORLD." .BYTE 13 HELLOмSGеND = * -----=----- тHIS WOULD NORMALLY BE PUT INTO A FILE CALLED "HELLO.S". тHE ".S" EXTENSION MEANS THAT THIS IS AN ASSEMBLER FILE (A LA уNIX). тHE FIRST THING THIS PROGRAM DOES IS INCLUDE THE "ACEHEAD.S" FILE. тHIS IS THE бUDDY ASSEMBLER FILE THAT CONTAINS THE HEADER INFORMATION DECLARATIONS REQUIRED TO ACCESS THE аце SYSTEM INTERFACE. тHE NEXT LINE GIVES THE START ADDRESS TO START ASSEMBLING TO; IT MUST BE "ACEаPPаDDRESS", WHICH IS THE ADDRESS THAT аце WILL LOAD THE PROGRAM AT. тHE NEXT LINE IS A DIRECTIVE TO THE ASSEMBLER TO WRITE THE EXECUTABLE CODE TO A цOMMODORE-дос "прг" FILE NAMED "HELLO". тHIS WILL BE THE COMMAND TO ENTER AT THE аце SHELL PROMPT. тHE NEXT SIX BYTES OF OBJECT CODE (WHICH ARE THE FIRST SIX BYTES OF A PROGRAM) DESCRIBE THE HEADER REQUIRED BY аце PROGRAMS. тHE FIRST THREE BYTES MUST BE A ймп TO THE MAIN ROUTINE OF THE PROGRAM. тHE NEXT THREE BYTES MUST HAVE THE VALUES "ACEид1", "ACEид2", AND "ACEид3", RESPECTIVELY. аND THAT'S ALL THERE IS TO IT. тHE REST OF THE PROGRAM CAN BE ORGANIZED HOWEVER YOU WANT IT TO BE. иN THIS EXAMPLE, WE SET UP THE ARGUMENTS FOR THE "WRITE" SYSTEM CALL TO PRINT THE STRING "хELLO, CRUEL WORLD." PLUS A CARRIAGE RETURN TO STANDARD OUTPUT. нOTE THAT THIS STRING DOES NOT NEED A TERMINATING NULL ($00) CHARACTER SINCE THE WRITE CALL TAKES A BUFFER LENGTH. тHE PROGRAM THEN RETURNS TO ITS CALLING ENVIRONMENT VIA AN ртс. тHIS WILL CAUSE AN IMPLIED "EXIT(0)" TO BE PERFORMED BY THE SYSTEM, RETURNING TO THE PARENT PROGRAM. аLTHOUGH THIS PROGRAM DOES NOT TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS, AN APPLICATION PROGRAM MAY USE ZERO-PAGE LOCATIONS $0002 THROUGH $007F FOR STORAGE WITHOUT FEAR OF HAVING THE STORAGE TRODDEN UPON BY THE SYSTEM. аLSO, THE PROCESSOR STACK MAY BE USED FROM THE POINT IT WAS AT UPON ENTRY TO YOUR PROGRAM ALL THE WAY DOWN TO THE BOTTOM. и WILL BE DOING SOMETHING ABOUT ENSURING THERE IS ALWAYS ENOUGH PROCESSOR SPACE FOR AN APPLICATION TO USE IN THE FUTURE, BUT FOR NOW, ALL APPLICATIONS HAVE TO SHARE THE